1. Solo Travel for Women
Women now have more independence in Saudi Arabia, and they can travel solo without needing male guardian approval. However, cultural expectations remain, especially in more conservative areas, where women may feel more comfortable traveling with family members. If traveling solo, it's best to be aware of any location-specific guidelines and dress codes.
2. Female Driving Regulations
Since 2018, women have been allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia, a significant shift in policy. Women can now obtain a driver’s license, and female driving schools have opened across the country. However, in rural and conservative areas, some families still may not allow female relatives to drive, reflecting varied local attitudes.
3. Social Interactions Between Genders
While Saudi Arabia has loosened some restrictions, the intermingling of men and women in public spaces like restaurants and malls is still often regulated. Many public spaces still have “family” and “single male” sections. Non-related men and women are expected to maintain a level of decorum, and single men are usually advised to avoid entering spaces reserved for families unless accompanied by a female family member.
4. Music Lessons in Schools
While some forms of music and public performances are increasingly allowed, formal music education in public schools is still rare. The country’s approach to music has evolved somewhat, with private events and venues hosting musical performances more frequently. Expats should be aware that music education is not a mainstream subject in Saudi Arabia’s public school curriculum.
5. Gender-Specific Job Restrictions
Opportunities for women have increased significantly, and many fields, including retail, tourism, and administration, are now open to female employees. Women can even own and run businesses. However, some traditionally male-dominated fields, especially within conservative organizations, may still maintain gender-based roles. While dress codes are more flexible in certain areas, women often wear abayas in public spaces.
6. Open Displays of Non-Islamic Religious Beliefs
Freedom of worship has increased in private, and carrying religious symbols or books for personal use is typically allowed. However, non-Islamic places of worship are generally not established publicly. Visitors and expats should respect the social norm of discretion regarding non-Islamic religious practices, especially in public settings, while respecting local customs.
7. Cinemas and Entertainment
Public cinemas have reopened across Saudi Arabia since 2018, a landmark cultural change. Theaters are available in many cities, showing international films with regulated content. For decades, Saudi nationals would travel to neighboring Bahrain for movies, but now they can enjoy cinema within the kingdom itself.
8. Public Physical Activity for Women
Gyms and sports clubs are now accessible to women, with many gyms opening specifically for female members. Saudi Arabia is even building sports infrastructure to support women’s physical fitness, and women’s sports leagues and events have been introduced. Nonetheless, female participation in public sports activities should still respect cultural norms, such as appropriate attire.
9. Consumption of Pork
Pork products are still strictly banned in Saudi Arabia, as they are not permissible under Islamic dietary laws. Travelers and expats should note that even importing pork products is prohibited. Only halal foods are generally available in supermarkets, so non-halal items, including pork, are not part of Saudi dining options.
10. Celebrating Valentine's Day
Celebrating Valentine’s Day in public remains discouraged, but the restrictions have eased slightly. Some flower shops and gift stores now discreetly sell items like red roses around mid-February, although displays of affection or open celebration are still reserved for private gatherings. Saudi Arabia discourages public dating, so couples should exercise discretion.
Respecting Traditions in Saudi Arabia
While some of Saudi Arabia’s traditions may be unfamiliar to outsiders, the country has made significant strides in modernizing certain social practices. Understanding the core customs, particularly regarding dress, religious practices, and gender interaction, can help visitors navigate the culture respectfully. As Saudi Arabia continues to evolve, its blend of modernity and tradition remains a unique aspect of its society.